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The Red-tailed Hawk comprises many subspecies throughout North and Central America, from the Pacific to Atlantic coasts, the tree-line in Alaska and Canada south to the forests of Panama, and the Caribbean. Our current understanding of many of these subspecies, their identification, and their distributions, is limited. As a result, with ongoing research the distinctions we outline below may change.
Western (calurus) – polymorphic
Explore calurus in the Macaulay Library
Eastern (borealis) – monomorphic
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Explore borealis in the Macaulay Library
Northern (abieticola) – polymorphic*
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Explore abieticola in the Macaulay Library
Krider’s (kriderii) – monomorphic
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Explore kriderii in the Macaulay Library
Harlan’s (harlani) – polymorphic
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Explore harlani in the Macaulay Library
Alaskan (alascensis) – monomorphic*
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Florida (umbrinus) – monomorphic
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Explore umbrinus in the Macaulay Library
Fuertes (fuertesi) – monomorphic
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Explore fuertesi in the Macaulay Library
fumosus – monomorphic
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socorroensis – polymorphic
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Explore soccoroensis in the Macaulay Library
jamaicensis – monomorphic
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Explore jamaicensis in the Macaulay Library
solitudinus – monomorphic
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Explore solitudinus in the Macaulay Library
hadropus* – polymorphic
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kemsiesi – polymorphic
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Explore kemsiesi in the Macaulay Library
costaricensis – monomorphic
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Explore costaricensis in the Macaulay Library
*research pending on these designations
Red-tailed Hawk Project 